Complete Difference between concrete and cement ( Concrete vs Cement ) on the basis of their properties.
Properties of Concrete:
- It should have high compressive strength as compared to its own tensile strength.
- Free from corrosion and there is no appreciable effect of the atmospheric agent on it.
- It should be more economical than steel for RCC work.
- It should harden with age and the process of hardening continues for a long time.
- It binds the steel material in RCC work so that the bond strength increases.
- The concrete should have a tendency to shrinkage.
- The basic requirement of good concrete is that it should have good strength in a hardened state and remain fresh during transportation, placing, and compaction.
Properties of Cement:
- Cement is manufactured by integrating lime components and argillaceous components in a ratio of 3:1.
- Lime components can be limestone chalk, seashells, and marl while argillaceous components can be shale clay, blast furnace slag, or slate.
- The lime component is used to obtain the component called lime while the argillaceous component is composed of silica, alumina, iron oxide, and other impurities.
Classification of Concrete and Types of Cement:
1. Based on Cementing Material
2. Based on Perspective Specification
3. Based on Performance-Oriented Specifications
4. Based on the Grade of Cement Concrete
5. Based on Bulk Density
6. Based on Place of Casting
- Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)
(a) 33 grade- IS: 269-1989
(b) 43 grade – IS: 8112-1989
(c) 53 grade – IS: 12269-1987 - Rapid Hardening Cement –IS: 8041-1990
- Extra Rapid Hardening Cement
- Low Heat Portland Cement –IS: 12600-1989
- Portland Slag Cement –IS: 455-1989
- Portland Pozzolana Cement –IS: 1489-1991(Part 1 and 2)
- Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement –IS: 12330-1988
- White Portland Cement – IS: 8042-1989
- Coloured Portland Cement –IS: 8042-1989
- Hydrophobic Cement – IS: 8043-1991
- High Alumina Cement –IS: 6452-1989
- Super Sulphated Cement –IS: 6909-1990
- Special types of cement
(a) Masonry Cement
(b) Air Entraining Cement
(c) Expansive Cement
(d) Oil Well Cement
Mixture proportion of Concrete Cement:
| Grade of concrete | M5 | M10 | M15 | M20 | M25 |
| Mix proportions |
1:5:10 | 1:3:6 | 1:2:4 | 1:5:3 | 1:1:2 |
| Perspective characteristics strength (N/mm²) |
5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
Manufacturing of Concrete and Cement:
Manufacturing of Concrete:
The Stages of Concrete Manufacturing Process:
- Batching
- Mixing
- Transporting
- Placing
- Compacting
- Curing
- Finishing
Manufacturing of Cement Process:
Cement can be Manufactured either by Dry process or by Wet process.
1. Dry Process
2. Wet Process
Types of Defects In Concrete and Cement:
Types of Defects In Concrete
- Cracks
- Efflorescence
- Segregation
- Bleeding
Types of Defects In Cement
- Cracking
- Crazing
- Blistering
- Delamination
- Dusting
- curling
- Efflorescence
- Scaling and spalling
Tests for Concrete and Cement:
Tests for Workability of Concrete
Workability test of concrete done from the following:
- Slump Test
- Compaction Factor Test
- Vee-Bee Consistometer Test
- Flow Test
- Kelly Ball Test
Tests for Cement
Tests on cement are performed in accordance with IS: 4032-1985 and IS: 4031 (Parts 1 to 15)- 1988-99 to assess the following:
(i) Chemical composition
(ii) Normal (standard) consistency
(iii) initial and final setting times
(iv) Soundness Test
(v) Strength Test
(vi) Fineness Test
(vii) Heat of hydration Test
(viii) Specific gravity Test